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We all know who Christopher Columbus. He was an explorer who sailed to discover India in 1492. Expectations and goals are not successful when he crossed the Atlantic and discover new worlds.

However, another fact that many do not realize. This article attempts to explain at least 10 facts about Columbus that could add a little knowledge of our history.


1. Columbus never reached the mainland of North America. His journey took him to Central and South America, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Bahamas and other Caribbean islands.

2. Columbus Day was first celebrated in 1792 in New York. 1792, 300 years is a sign of the arrival of Columbus. Columbus Day became a national holiday in 1937.

3. Columbus was not the first person who discovered the New World. People - the Scandinavian (Viking) explore the continent of North America in the 11th century and founded the colony of L'Anse aux Meadows.

4. Columbus was directly responsible for killing thousands of Native Americans. He exploits them, utilize resources and enslave them. Hugo Chavez in Caracas to destroy his image because he sees a lot of Columbus as an imperialist onslaught.

5.Columbus regarded as the archetype between good and evil in Spain and North America. He also became a cultural symbol.

6. Columbus was an Italian who speculated to have been born in Genoa. There are claims that he was actually born in Corsica as well.

7. Motivation Columbus' exploration is to be a messenger for the non-Christian.

8. The world is not considered to be flat by Columbus and his exploration. It is then called the Flat Earth Myth.

9. Christopher Columbus was the name given to the explorer Anglophone. He has the name of Spain and Italy as well. Most famously, he was called Christoforo Colombo.

10. Application considerations made by Christopher Columbus to Portugal to help him explore and to fund his journey. The king gave a proposal to the experts, who then refused it.

10 uncured cancer. There are over 100 different types of cancer and a variety of causes, ranging from radiation, chemicals, until the virus. But the similarities, the cancer is characterized by abnormal cell growth. Cancer are the most deadly and difficult to cure what?

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cancer is the number two cause of death in the United States after heart disease. Even when it was diagnosed early and dealt with cutting-edge treatments, the cancer still has the power to kill.

Indeed there have been many successful treatments today and not find some twenty years ago. But the treatment of cancer still remains elusive due to many factors.

Cancer cell growth remains unpredictable and still mysterious in some cases. In fact, after going through an apparently effective treatment, cancer cells are able to hide in some patients and reappears.

Approximately U.S. $ 200 billion has been spent on cancer research since the early 1970's. Survival for all cancer patients in the U.S. also has increased from about 50% in the 1970s to reach 65% at this time.

"We will not be able to achieve progress it is today if the health sciences are not funded. The basis of science teaches us about the mechanisms and effectiveness of drugs. We take that information and apply it to the clinic to find out whether the new ways it's successful in treating cancer, "said Dr. Len Lichtenfeld, deputy chief medical officer of the American Cancer Society as reported myhealthnewsdaily.com, Thursday (01/26/2012).

Here are 10 types of cancer that claimed the lives of most of the year 2003 to 2007 according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI):

1. Lung cancer and bronchial
Lung cancer and bronchial cancer is the number one killer in the United States. Smoking and using tobacco products is the main cause. This cancer is most common in people aged 55-65 years.

There are two main types of cancer: cancer of the lung cells of the most common, and small lung cell cancer spreads faster. More than 157,000 people are estimated to die from lung cancer and bronchial in 2010.

2. Colon and rectum cancer
Colon cancer tissue grows in the colon, whereas rectal cancer grows in a few inches in the large intestine near the anus. Most cases start with a small blob of cells or the benign polyps and from time to time to grow into cancer.

Inspection is highly recommended to find polyps before they turn into cancer. Colorectal cancer is estimated to kill more than 51,000 people in 2010.

3. Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is the most popular number two in the United States after skin cancer. This cancer can also strike men. There are nearly 2,000 cases of breast cancer in men between 2003 and 2008.

Cancer cells usually form in the ducts that drain milk to the nipple or the glands that produce milk. Nearly 40,000 people are estimated to die from breast cancer in 2010.

4. Pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic cancer appears in the pancreatic tissue that help digestion and regulate metabolism. Early detection and treatment is difficult because often times is quietly and quickly spread. Pancreatic cancer claimed an estimated 37,000 lives in 2010.

5. Prostate Cancer
This cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men after a second lung cancer and bronchial. Prostate cancer usually starts to grow slowly in the prostate gland, the gland that produces seminal fluid to transport sperm.

Some types of cancer is still confined to the prostate gland, and is more easily treated. But other types are more aggressive and spread more rapidly. Prostate cancer is estimated to kill about 32,000 people in 2010.

6. Leukemia
There are many types of leukemia or blood cancer, and all of them attacking the body's blood-forming tissue such as bone marrow and lymphatic system. Blood cancer resulting in the overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.

Types of leukemia are classified by how fast the cells spread and anything that is affected. This type of acute myelogenous leukemia is the most ferocious and killed 41,714 people in 2003 to 2007. Nearly 22,000 people are expected to die from leukemia in 2010.

7. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
This cancer attacks the lymphocytes, a type of white blood cells and is characterized by swollen lymph glands, fever and lost weight.

There are several types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and categorized based on the growth rate and type of lymphocytes affected. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is more deadly than Hodgkin's lymphoma and is thought to have killed more than 20,000 people in 2010.

8. Liver cancer and intrahepatic bile ducts
Liver cancer is one of the most common form of cancer worldwide, but rare in the United States.

This cancer is closely related to intrahepatic bile duct cancer that attacks the ducts that carry bile from the liver into the small intestine. Nearly 19,000 Americans are estimated to die from liver cancer and intrahepatic bile duct in 2010.

9. Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women of four numbers between 2003 and 2007. The average age of women diagnosed with this cancer is 63 years old. This cancer is more easily treated but more difficult to detect at an early stage.

Symptoms include abdominal discomfort, urgency to urinate and pelvic pain. Nearly 14,000 women estimated to die from ovarian cancer in 2010.

10. Esophageal cancer
This cancer begins in cells lining the esophagus, the tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach, and usually occurs at the bottom of the esophagus.

Men are more likely to die than women due to esophageal cancer between 2003 and 2007. This cancer is estimated to kill 14,500 people in 2010.

The Internet is in an uproar over the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA). The battles lines are drawn. Big Media (the record labels, movie studios and TV networks) support the bill while Big Tech (search engines, open source platforms, social networks) oppose it. The bill, introduced to Congress by Representative Lamar Smith, is ostensibly supposed to give the Attorney General the ability to eliminate Internet piracy and to "protect U.S. customers and prevent U.S. support of infringing sites."

There is a lot that may be wrong with SOPA, but putting the power to censor the Internet into the hands of the government is chief among citizens' concerns. The law would force Internet Service Providers and search engines to cut off access to infringing sites as well as give the government the ability to stop payment to those sites. How would SOPA work? What do you need to know about the bill heading into 2012? We take a deep dive into everything you need to know below.

image source: forbes.com

How SOPA Would Work

SOPA (bill text) sets up a variety of ways for the U.S. government to block sites that are seen to be infringing on intellectual property. The bill is tailored towards the entertainment industry to protect movie studios, TV networks and record labels from having foreign websites illegally copying and distributing copyrighted works.

Along with the Protect IP Act of 2011, here are the ways the U.S. government can enforce the proposed laws.

1. Force ISPs to block access to Domain Name System servers to infringing foreign sites. Here is the pertinent portion of Section 102 of SOPA: A service provider shall take technically feasible and reasonable measures designed to prevent access by its subscribers located within the United States to the foreign infringing site (or portion thereof) that is subject to the order, including measures designed to prevent the domain name of the foreign infringing site (or portion thereof) from resolving to that domain name's Internet Protocol address.
2. Force search providers to make such sites that have been flagged as infringing undiscoverable.
Prevent the foreign infringing site that is subject to the order, or a portion of such site specified in the order, from being served as a direct hypertext link.

3. Force payments processors to shut down the ability for infringing sites to make money.
Suspend its service from completing payment transactions involving customers located within the United States or subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and the payment account.

4. Force Internet advertisers to cease doing business with an infringing site.
Prevent its service from providing advertisements to or relating to the foreign infringing site that is subject to the order or a portion of such site specified in the order.

Who would be affected by these mandates from the Attorney General? Foremost, Google. Items 2-4 would directly relate to properties owned or maintained by the search giant. Google is the largest search provider on the planet and has the largest Internet advertising business. It also acts in conjunction with payment processors for its Google Checkout application.

PayPal would also have to comply with notices to cease payments. As would VISA, MasterCard, American Express and other payment processors. Both Visa and MasterCard are on record for supporting SOPA.

Most of the ISPs are onboard with SOPA, including ComCast. That creates an interesting scenario as ComCast also owns NBC. If the power to block infringing sites is left with the ISPs, who is to tell them that they cannot block content that is perceived to be competing with its own?

Who Supports SOPA?

Rep. Lamar Smith, chairman of the House Judiciary Committee: Smith's office wrote the bill and he is the primary sponsor.
Rep. Bob Goodlatte, chairman of the subcommittee on intellectual property, competition and the Internet of the House judiciary committee.
Rep. Mel Watts, ranking member of the subcommittee on intellectual property, competition and the Internet of the House judiciary committee. Watts was the congressman that made the comments about not understanding how the Internet works.
Rep. Howard Berman, member subcommittee on intellectual property, competition and the Internet of the House judiciary committee.

In addition to those four members of the House Judiciary, the Recording Industry Association of America, Most Picture Association of America, most of Hollywood and its various labor organizations (like the Directors Guild), support SOPA.

Gizmodo published the full list of companies that have signed on for support of SOPA. GoDaddy.com is a prominent name as it is a company with its fundamental nature tied to DNS. Prominent names include: Comcast, ABC, ESPN, CBS, Teamsters, Major League Baseball, Sony, Time Warner, Viacom and Warner Music.

Who Is Against SOPA?

Almost all of the major tech corporations are against SOPA. TechCrunch came up with a list of 40 companies that are opposing the bill and the companies that we would think would oppose it are present.

That includes:

Facebook, Google, eBay/PayPal, Foursquare, Kaspersky, Reddit, Mozilla, Tumblr, Twitter, Yahoo, Scribd, Quora, Github, Square, AOL.
In terms of politicos, the only major GOP presidential candidate to touch on the issue is Rep. Michelle Bachmann.

Here are the other major opponents:
Rep. Darrell Issa, chairman on Oversight and Government reform and also on the House Judiciary Committee. He is the most prominent opponent and frequently tweets about SOPA/PIPA on his Twitter account.
Rep. Zoe Lofgren, member House Judiciary Committee.
Rep. Jason Chaffetz, member subcommittee on intellectual property, competition and the Internet of the House judiciary committee.
Rep. Jared Polis, the new "champion of the Internet." Polis is the Judiciary Committee member who made several proposed changes to SOPA to make a court order necessary to take down a website.
Rep. Mike Honda, aligned himself with Bachmann on SOPA and has been involved in technology legislation for more than a decade.

The top four representatives listed were the individuals responsible for the markups in the SOPA bill that brought two days of debate to the committee. Essentially, the proposed amendments acted as a filibuster (an intentional delay of vote caused by prolonged political debate) that caused the Judiciary Committee to postpone the debate until the next Congressional session.

Prominent think tank, The Heritage Foundation has come out against SOPA. This is significant as it has deep ties to the GOP and most of the representatives pushing for SOPA are Republicans.[source]

Having a wealth of very abundant indeed can not be enjoyed by many people. Perhaps, from all of people in this world, there are only a handful that can be said to be a billionaire. What were they like?

1. Carlos Slim Helu
Origin Country: Mexico
Citizenship: Mexico
Age: 67 years
Marital Status: Widower, 6 children
Estimated worth: 67.8 billion (U.S. $)
Source of Revenue: Telecom

Estimated amount of money has been donated to the aural: 9 / 10 of total wealth.




2. Ingvar Kamprad
Origin Country: Switzerland
Citizenship: Sweden
Age: 80 years
Marital Status: Married, 4 children
Estimated Wealth: 33 billion (U.S. $)
Source of Revenue: Ikea

Estimated amount of money has been donated to charity: 8 / 10 of total wealth.




3. Bill Gates
Origin Country: U.S.
Citizenship: United States
Age: 52 years
Marital Status: Married, 3 children
Estimated worth: 59.2 billion (U.S. $)
Revenue Sources: Microsoft

Estimated amount of money has been donated to charity: 6 / 10 of total wealth.



4. Prince Al Waleed Bin Talal Al Saud
(nephew of the King of Saudi Arabia)
Origin Country: Saudi Arabia
Citizenship: Saudi Arabia
Age: 49 years
Marital Status: Married, 2 children
Estimated worth: 23.7 billion (U.S. $)
Source of Income: Investment

Estimated amount of money has been donated to charity: 6 / 10 of total wealth.



5. Warren Buffet
Origin Country: U.S.
Citizenship: United States
Age: 76 years
Marital Status: Widower, 3 children
Estimated Wealth: 52 billion (U.S. $)
Source of Income: Investment

Estimated amount of money has been donated to charity: 6 / 10 of total wealth.



6. Lakshmi Mittal
Origin Country: India
Citizenship: United Kingdom
Age: 56 years
Marital Status: Married, 2 children
Estimated Wealth: 32 billion (U.S. $)
Source of Revenue: Steel

Estimated amount of money has been donated to charity: 6 / 10 of total wealth.



Those are the top 6 most generous rich men in the world. Actually, many rich people that are generous in this world, but they 6 rich men that known by all people.